Risks of Smoking
COPDGene focuses on a study of a cohort of over 10,000 individuals with a substantial smoking history. While a major focus of this study is on COPD, we recognize that smoking is a risk factor for diseases or disorders in many organ systems. The following list of diseases or conditions for which smoking is considered to be a risk factor.
Lung Disease:
COPD
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Interstitial lung disease
Hypoxia
Pneumonia
Malignancies:
Lung cancer
Laryngeal cancer
Mouth cancer
Nasal cavity cancer
Esophageal cancer
Stomach cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Kidney cancer
Bladder cancer
Colon/rectal cancer
Cervical cancer
Liver cancer
Acute myeloid leukemia
Cardiovascular Disease:
Peripheral artery disease
Heart failure
Heart attack
Stroke
High cholesterol
Others:
Cataracts Osteoporosis, fractures Diabetes Rheumatoid arthritis Crohn's disease Macular degeneration Hearing loss Tooth loss Cavities Erectile dysfunction Early menopause Difficulty conceiving Low birth weight Lower estrogen Skin changes Slow wound healing Erythrocytosis Leukocytosis Anxiety Depression Nicotine addiction Weight loss Sources: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/smo/risks
National Cancer Institute
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/quit-smoking-pdq#section/all
Smokefree.gov
https://smokefree.gov/depression-and-smoking
https://www.smokefree.gov/quitting-smoking/reasons-quit/health-effects
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db34.pdf
US Department of Health and Human Services
https://betobaccofree.hhs.gov/reports-and-research
Health Line
http://www.healthline.com/health/smoking/effects-on-body